Overview
This Chatham House research paper by Nicholas Vandome examines Zambia’s evolving approach to international relations under President Hakainde Hichilema, who came to power in August 2021. The study analyses how the new government is rebuilding global partnerships to attract investment, manage debt, and strengthen democratic governance.
Purpose
The report explores how Zambia’s foreign policy has shifted from isolation and politicized diplomacy under the previous administration to one emphasizing economic diplomacy, transparency, and international cooperation. It highlights Zambia’s efforts to regain credibility among bilateral and multilateral partners following years of debt distress and governance challenges.
Key Themes
- Debt Restructuring and Economic Diplomacy: The government has prioritized re-engagement with creditors and institutions such as the IMF and World Bank, emphasizing fiscal reform and debt transparency.
- Rebuilding Regional and Global Ties: Zambia seeks stronger relations with SADC neighbours, the African Union, and strategic partners such as the United States, China, and the European Union.
- Restoring Democratic Governance: International partners view Zambia as a democratic reformer in the region, positioning it as a bridge between Southern Africa and global governance institutions.
- Strategic Resource Management: The country’s rich mineral resources—particularly copper and cobalt—make it a key player in the global energy-transition supply chain.
Challenges
- Balancing relations between Western and Chinese partners amid competition for resource access.
- Managing debt negotiations transparently while maintaining national sovereignty.
- Ensuring domestic institutions keep pace with the promises of reform and investment.
- Overcoming public skepticism stemming from previous governance failures.
Recommendations
The report suggests Zambia should:
- Maintain consistency and predictability in foreign policy to strengthen investor confidence.
- Build institutional capacity for economic diplomacy across ministries and embassies.
- Deepen collaboration with regional organizations to promote stability and trade integration.
- Leverage its democratic credentials to secure sustainable development partnerships.
Conclusion
Zambia’s renewed foreign-policy direction under President Hichilema marks a return to rules-based international engagement. By prioritizing transparency, economic reform, and re-established diplomatic credibility, Zambia positions itself as a regional model for democratic governance and responsible economic management in Africa.
Citation
Vandome, N. (2023). Zambia’s Developing International Relations. Chatham House, Africa Programme Paper No. 2023/01.
